A large speciality containing many sub-specialities including breast, colorectal, endocrine, upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI), transplant (of kidney, liver, pancreas) and vascular. Laparoscopic surgery may also be practised as a sub-speciality and is used across all general surgery.

• Reconstructive: Emergency work including trauma, burns and scalds, and soft tissue injuries involving the face, trunk or limbs.

• Elective: Reconstructive surgery for congenital and acquired abnormalities, cleft lip and palate and other facial deformities, breast reconstruction, reduction and augmentation, or hand and upper limb surgery.

Include surgeries for the urogenital systems: kidney, bladder and urinary problems, as well as men’s sexual and reproductive health. This includes diseases of the kidney, urinary tract stones, cancer (prostate, bladder, testicle and kidney), prostate, incontinence, erectile dysfunction, etc.

Surgeries for bones, joints and soft tissues, including ligaments, nerves and muscles. Trauma work involves fractures and other injuries. Specialist areas include lower limb joint reconstruction, hip or knee, ankle and foot, upper limb, spine, bone tumors, rheumatoid surgery, and sports and exercise surgery.

Elective procedures that focus on enhancing a patient’s appearance. Improving aesthetic appeal, symmetry, and proportion. Aesthetic surgery can be performed on all areas of the head, neck, and body.

Surgeries are specific for the head and neck region, skull base and facial plastic surgery. Specialist areas include: paediatric ENT, head and neck, voice and complex airway, otology (ear) and rhinology (nose).

Surgeries on the facial bones, face and neck. Procedures range from minor surgery to complex major head and neck surgery.

Surgeries to correct refractive errors, glaucoma, and cataracts and can also include reconstructive Surgery.

Involve any surgical procedure that involves the organs and structure of the female pelvic region: the uterus, ovaries, cervix, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva.